ژئو کاوان پارسیان

Everything you need to know about a competent building contractor

arshita — Sat, 10 Jun 2017 20:44:01 +0000

The issue of construction by qualified executives may be a new topic from the point of view of many people, but it should be said that the use of the services of competent executors has long been discussed in the current laws in the field of urban construction, but due to lack of preparation It has been addressed and implemented.

Who is the competent executor?

Pursuant to Article 10 of the Executive Regulations of Article 33 of the Engineering System Law, the executor of a building is a natural or legal person who has an employment license from the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development (Housing and Urban Development) in the field of construction and in the form of a contract with the building owner. Assumes the subject of the contract.

What buildings need an executor?

As mentioned above, according to Article 9 of the Executive Regulations of Article 33, all executive operations of the building must be performed by a competent executor or the same competent executor.
It is understood from this legal article, as well as the rulings issued on unqualified executors, that even minor demolition and repairs in the building must be carried out by a competent executor, and the owners must use the services of these persons.

Description of the duties of a competent building engineer

Pursuant to Article 6 of the Instruction on the Activities of Housing and Building Builders, all responsibilities for the implementation of the building, as mentioned in the Law on the Engineering and Building Control System, the executive bylaws and the resulting procedures, are the responsibility of the real and legal builders.
Construction contractors must ultimately be accountable to the employer, the licensing authority, the building control authority, the oversight body, and the supervisors.
However, if we want to provide a brief job description for the competent contractor or the building contractor, these duties can be divided into two parts:

A) General or legal duties:

This category of responsibility is assigned to the building engineers by the current laws in the field of urban construction, and in this regard, this group of duties is called legal or public duties. According to the second article of the national regulations as well as the general conditions of the contract, the competent executor has the following duties:
• Monitoring of plans, including compliance of plans with the specifications contained in the permit, urban planning rules and national regulations, before the construction of the building
• Executive planning of different stages of implementation and notifying the supervisor and owner
• Observance of safety principles in the workshop by the persons involved in the implementation and also the general safety of the workshop
• Coordinating with supervisors and the owner and implementing in accordance with the rules and technical specifications at each stage of the work
• Use of qualified engineers, technicians and architects and contractors
• Preparation and signing of three complete plans such as construction or asphalt at the end of the work and receiving the approval of relevant supervisors
• Purchase and use of standard materials approved by the competent authorities
• Concluding contracts with approved and qualified teams
• Controlling the executive stages of the building based on approved plans and permits and urban planning criteria, etc.
• Observance of the private terms of the contract and the specifications contained in the license and approved plans
• Observance of all laws governing urban construction, including national regulations, urban planning rules and legal directives issued by relevant authorities
• Execution of the subject of the contract in accordance with the principles of engineering and appropriate quality and use of quality materials within the declared standards

B) Contractual obligations (private conditions):

Another factor that can lead to obligations and liability is the contract concluded between the owner or owner of the building and the contractor, which are referred to here as contractual duties. As mentioned above, the competent executor enters into the construction of the building in the form of identical contracts with the owner.
Identical contracts are contracts that have the same format and are prepared and compiled by the provincial organization and registered by the parties to the contract in the office and delivered to the provincial organization and the licensing authority.

Types of competent executor contracts

However, according to Article 4, Chapter 8, Section 2 of the National Building Regulations, building construction contracts are divided into three categories:
1) Contract management contract
2) Construction contract with materials
3) Contract for construction of a building without materials
However, since the selection of executive teams, materials, payment of wages and costs of purchasing materials is generally done by the owner or builder and generally the competent executors are not involved, engineering organizations in some provinces have prepared a new format for concluding a building contract. Construction management or management contract on execution.
Each of these contracts has obligations and responsibilities for engineers and owners, and the parties to the contract must act within the framework of these obligations and responsibilities and perform the construction of the building.
However, the construction management contract has given more freedom to the engineers than the first three categories of contracts, and it can be said that some of the legal responsibilities of the executors in the first three categories have been assigned to the builder or owner through correspondence and documents.

New rules of a competent building engineer

After the use of the services of competent executors became mandatory in the country, protests were raised by the builders and the law of competent executors was annulled on several occasions by the Court of Administrative Justice. However, with the follow-up of the Provincial Organization and the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, the law on the use of the executor was approved and announced again. [/ Vc_column_text] [/ vc_column] [/ vc_row]

What is drilling

arshita — Sat, 10 Jun 2017 20:43:10 +0000

Digging to achieve a specific goal is called drilling, something that human beings have done for years, both instinctively and in a planned and purposeful way, to achieve what they want to achieve. Of course, drilling is a calculated, complex, difficult, costly and time-consuming task that, if done correctly, will bring great results and achievements. Man owes much of his discovery to this work, which you will learn about in this article.

This article seeks to answer questions such as “What is drilling?” How is the mine drilled? What is extraction drilling? What are the characteristics of exploratory drilling? What are drilling machines and equipment? ”

Ultimate specialization in mine drilling

Drilling in the mine requires special measures, because in order to penetrate the rock and crush it, it is necessary to dig explosive holes and place explosives inside them. Explosion of these holes causes the rocks to be crushed and the mining work takes on its original form. Engineering calculations for blasting and other stages in mining can be considered one of the most complex methods that ultimately make mining possible.

Before dealing with a variety of drilling methods such as extractive drilling and exploratory drilling, it is necessary to ease your mind about the existence of a reputable brand in the field of manufacturing drilling equipment and machinery.

What is the top brand in designing and manufacturing drilling machinery and equipment?

The fact is that the look of drilling should be a completely scientific and technical look, because it is done based on special calculations. When drilling in a mine, these scientific calculations become much bolder, because safety is paramount here.

What is certain is that drilling technical and engineering measures require special machinery and equipment, and this is where a completely specialized company comes into play. Armico; It is a name that is a well-known brand in the field of design and production of drilling machines and equipment, because the design and manufacture of stone drilling machines, drilling machines (sampling), sampling (drilling), in-well hammers (DTH Hammer) ) Drills chainsaws and rubber wheels, drilling supplies and tools, and piston and vane pneumatic motors in the best way.

The company uses the latest technologies (drilling technology training course) to design and manufacture drilling machines and equipment, and the accuracy in designing and increasing the coefficient of this accuracy in the construction of machinery and equipment is an issue that makes Armico a leading company in The field of design and manufacture of drilling machinery and equipment has changed.
Design and production of drilling machines for work in mines, tunnels, dams and road construction projects, geothermal, earth pits and nailing drilling, production of drilling tools and equipment such as drilling rods, shanks, bushes and powerhouses, design and production of machinery Coring, participation in the implementation of exploratory drilling projects and sampling and consulting on the selection of drilling machinery and equipment, as well as the selection of drilling methods suitable for specific projects, is a set of services of this company.

Now that you are familiar with a well-known brand in the field of drilling, it is time to introduce you to the two categories of extractive drilling and exploratory drilling.

Types of drilling methods in mines – machinery and facilities required

arshita — Sat, 10 Jun 2017 20:42:08 +0000

Drilling and mining

To exploit mines, we need mining equipment and machinery. There are several methods for extracting from the mine. Open (surface) extraction and underground extraction. The choice of any of these methods depends on the desired depth, the shape of the product and economic issues. However, most of the world’s mines, especially iron ore, are mined using open pit methods.

Conventional drilling methods in open pit mines

Drilling in different operating conditions requires different methods and equipment that are defined according to its application. The selection of drilling methods used in mines has been done for many years, and unfortunately, careful and technical study of new drilling methods to select and replace old methods is rarely done. Open mine drilling machines are divided into two general categories based on the method of transferring drilling force: rotary and impact drilling machine, which is also an impact drilling machine based on the transmission medium and the location of hammering (hammering) into two general categories: hammer out and hammer. They are divided into pits.

Rotary drilling method

It is one of the most common production drilling methods in the world’s large open pit mines. Today, most of the world’s largest open-pit metal drilling rigs are rotary. The main difference between rotary drilling method and other drilling methods is the removal of impact as a hole drilling factor from this drilling method. In this method, drilling work is done by cutting the surface of the rock and the determining factor in this method is the weight of the machine and the set of accessories of the drilling system that is transferred to the rock as a load on the drill. Therefore, rotary machines weigh much more than other drilling rigs.

Hammer drilling method
Excavation hammer drilling method

In this method, the hammer or hammer drill is placed outside the hole and transmits energy to the drill bit. This drilling method is widely used due to the high rate of permeability in the rock in suitable geological conditions. Limitations of the drilling rig that work with this method include limited diameter and limited drilling depth due to high deflection, low durability of drilling rigs and low operational efficiency in drilling in harsh geological and tectonized conditions. The advantages of this method are the initial investment cost and lower fuel consumption of this device compared to other common methods.

Hammer drilling method inside the pit

Borehole drilling method is a reliable method for drilling in easy to difficult geological conditions. In this method, the impact energy is transmitted directly to the drill bit and the energy drop in it reaches the minimum circuit. In this type of device, the shape and structure of the hammer prevents the deviation of the hole and causes more stability in the wall of the hole. Since in this drilling method, the space between the wall of the pit and the drilling rod is less than the hammer method outside the pit, therefore, the speed of drilling and flushing particles in the pit will be faster than other methods.

This method of drilling, due to the hammer being placed inside the pit, creates the least amount of deviation of the pit compared to other common methods. Other advantages of these devices are their suitability for use in unfavorable geological conditions and ease of operation for the operator of these devices.

Copard drilling method

Prior to the advent of the Cooprad drilling system, drilling holes without deviation in the shortest possible time and under unfavorable geological conditions was one of the dreams of miners. But today, Cooprad drilling machines are the best suitable option for drilling holes without deviation in unfavorable drilling conditions. This drilling system combines the advantages of both in-hole hammer drilling systems. It has a hammer outside the hole. In this drilling system, a string and a central radar are used for drilling, which are responsible for controlling the deflection of the pit and increasing the drilling speed, respectively. This drilling system includes a combination of impact rods and drilling pipes.

geotechnic

arshita — Sat, 10 Jun 2017 20:41:14 +0000

geotechnic

The purpose of this article is to provide information about the topic of geotechnics and related fields, its scope and importance, the tools needed, a history of its beginning and development; In addition, the situation of teaching topics in this field will be mentioned.
Subject and scope of application

Definition and explanation

The subject of geotechnics can be considered as a set of applied fields of soil mechanics and rock mechanics (basically ground materials, derived from the word Geo). At the same time, it should be noted that in many cases the terms soil mechanics and geotechnics are still used interchangeably, and it is pointed out that the term geotechnics (as a technology) and the term soil mechanics (as A branch of knowledge) do not necessarily express a synonymous and exactly the same concept; However, they have a lot in common and in many cases they are interchangeable. In any case, the term geotechnics means the technology of soil and rock materials, so that in addition to it, terms such as geotechnology and geomechanics have also been used. However, considering the variety of words in the field of recognizing the engineering properties of materials such as rock and soil, if it is intended to be concise and concise, a comprehensive term should be used that covers all of the above concepts (theoretical, experimental, and Laboratory on an executive scale or limited) in one word, the same geotechnical term is probably the most appropriate. A look at the use of this term and its derivatives in naming journals and related conferences can confirm this justification. For example, the first and most prestigious journal on soil engineering issues, published since 1948. It started in the UK and is still going on, called the International Journal of Geotechnique. In addition to these explanations and in completing them, it is appropriate to translate the definition given in the introduction to the book “Geotechnical Engineering” by B. M. Das (1993). Exactly quoted here:
“Geotechnical engineering is a sub-branch of civil engineering that studies the engineering properties of natural surface materials and its role is to apply the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics in the design of projects such as foundations, retaining structures and earth structures.”
Therefore, considering that the materials studied in geotechnical knowledge are terrestrial (and natural) materials, ie soil and rock, this study and studies are divided into basic sections, each of which contains specific theories and tools. These sections have been described under such headings as soil or rock physics, soil or rock mechanics, soil or rock dynamics, laboratory tests for soil or rock, field experiments, and related tools, and have developed dramatically in recent years. Has been found and in parallel, several books and writings have been published under the same names.
On the other hand, due to the natural nature of soil and rock materials, which are often (almost always) “in place”, geotechnical studies are closely related to the topic of “Engineering Geology” and therefore in executive projects – especially Projects that take place over a large area (such as dam projects) or in a long direction (such as roads and tunnels) – the subject of engineering geology forms the primary foundation of studies and decisions, and to this Reason: In some cases, there is a necessary interaction between engineering geology, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and geotechnics.

Scope of application of geotechnical knowledge

Any development activity that takes place on the land surface (as well as below the water surface), its support is a bed of rock or soil and, therefore, inevitably related to their properties. Residential and office buildings, silos, towers, roads, stadiums, airports, power plants, road and railway tunnels and underpasses, subways and parking lots, bridges, warehouses, tunnels and water supply canals, Dams, refineries, refineries, etc. are all somehow based on a support or bed of soil or stone. How accurately and what properties and characteristics of soil or rock should be studied in each of these projects depends on various factors, the most important of which are: the strength or resistance of the project site to forces. The internal influences of the place, such as the presence of water, fractures, voids, inhomogeneities, and inequalities, the economic importance and the amount of safety necessary to maintain the safety and security of users, the useful life of the project and how Durability of the properties of the environment in relation to time, factors affecting the stability or damage to the project and its infrastructure and some other factors. Therefore, recognizing the geotechnical properties of the project site should be considered as the first step in studying the engineering infrastructure of the subject; However, the amount of knowledge and how to evaluate and the accuracy required in the identifications and reports themselves depends on the above. Based on this, it can be accepted that such identifications may range from the simplest to the most difficult. For this reason, many buildings and roads have been built and have survived for decades or even hundreds of years, without careful study. On the other hand, some cases of civil works should be designed that require months of study, analysis and accurate measurements to ensure sufficient appropriate and satisfactory behavioral performance of the project.